A ranar 20 ga Afrilu, Minmetals Resources Co., Ltd. (MMG) ta sanar a musayar hannayen jari na Hong Kong cewa ma'adinan tagulla na lasbambas da ke ƙarƙashin kamfanin ba zai iya kula da haƙar ma'adinan ba saboda ma'aikatan al'umma a Peru sun shiga yankin ma'adinai don nuna rashin amincewa.Tun daga lokacin ne zanga-zangar ta fara yin kamari.A farkon watan Yuni, 'yan sandan Peruvian sun yi arangama da al'ummomi da dama a cikin mahakar ma'adinan, kuma an dakatar da samar da ma'adinan tagulla na lasbambas da ma'adinin tagulla na loschancas na Kamfanin Southern Copper Company.

A ranar 9 ga watan Yuni, al'ummomin yankin a Peru sun ce za su dage zanga-zangar adawa da ma'adanin tagulla na lasbambas, wanda ya tilasta ma'adinan dakatar da aiki na tsawon kwanaki 50.Al'umma suna shirye su huta a ranar 30 ga Yuni (15 ga Yuni - Yuli 15) don gudanar da wani sabon zagaye na shawarwari.Al’ummar yankin sun nemi mahakar ta samar da ayyukan yi ga jama’a da kuma sake tsara shugabannin ma’adanan.Mahakar ma'adinan ta ce za ta ci gaba da wasu ayyukan naki.A halin yanzu, ma’aikata 3000 da a baya suka daina aiki da ‘yan kwangilar MMG ana sa ran komawa bakin aiki.

A watan Afrilu, ma'adinan ma'adinan tagulla na Peru ya kai tan 170000, ya ragu da kashi 1.7% a shekara da kashi 6.6% a wata.A cikin watanni hudu na farkon wannan shekara, ma'adinan tagulla na Peru ya kai ton 724000, karuwar shekara-shekara na 2.8%.A watan Afrilu, fitowar ma'adinan tagulla na lasbambas ya ragu sosai.Ma'adinan Cuajone, mallakar Kudancin Copper na Peru, an rufe kusan watanni biyu saboda zanga-zangar al'ummar yankin.Daga Janairu zuwa Afrilu na wannan shekara, samar da tagulla na ma'adinan lasbambas da na Cuajone ya ragu da kusan tan 50000.A cikin watan Mayu, zanga-zangar ta shafi karin ma'adinan tagulla.Tun daga farkon wannan shekara, zanga-zangar adawa da ma'adinan tagulla a cikin al'ummomin Peruvian sun rage yawan ma'adinan tagulla a Peru da fiye da ton 100000.

A ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2022, Chile ta amince da shawarwari da yawa.Ɗaya daga cikin shawarwari ya yi kira ga mayar da ma'adinan lithium da tagulla zuwa ƙasa;Wata shawara ita ce a ba da takamaiman lokaci ga rangwamen ma'adinan da aka fara buɗewa, da kuma ba da shekaru biyar a matsayin lokacin riƙon ƙwarya.A farkon watan Yuni, gwamnatin Chile ta kaddamar da tsarin sanya takunkumi kan ma'adinan tagulla na lospelambres.Hukumar kula da muhalli ta Chile ta yi zargin rashin amfani da lahani na tafkin gaggawa na kamfanin Tailings da kuma lahani na haɗari da yarjejeniyar sadarwar gaggawa.Hukumar kula da muhalli ta Chile ta ce an fara shari'ar ne saboda korafe-korafen 'yan kasar.

Idan aka yi la'akari da yadda ake fitar da ma'adinan tagulla a Chile a wannan shekara, yawan ma'adinan tagulla a Chile ya ragu sosai saboda raguwar darajar tagulla da kuma rashin isasshen jari.Daga watan Janairu zuwa Afrilu na wannan shekara, yawan ma'adinan tagulla na Chile ya kai ton miliyan 1.714, raguwar kashi 7.6% a duk shekara, kuma abin da aka fitar ya ragu da tan 150000.Adadin raguwar fitarwa yana ƙoƙarin haɓakawa.Hukumar kula da tagulla ta kasar Chile ta ce an samu raguwar noman tagulla ne sakamakon raguwar ingancin ma'adanai da kuma karancin albarkatun ruwa.

Binciken tattalin arziki na tashin hankalin samar da ma'adinan tagulla

Gabaɗaya magana, lokacin da farashin tagulla ke cikin babban kewayon, adadin ma'adinan tagulla da sauran abubuwan da suka faru za su ƙaru.Masu kera jan karfe za su yi gasa a farashi mai rahusa lokacin da farashin tagulla ya tsaya tsayin daka ko lokacin da jan karfe na electrolytic ke da yawa.Duk da haka, a lokacin da kasuwa ta kasance a cikin kasuwar da aka saba da ita, kayan aikin tagulla suna da yawa kuma kayan aiki yana karuwa sosai, wanda ke nuna cewa an yi amfani da karfin samar da tagulla kuma ƙarfin samar da tagulla ya fara yin tasiri ga farashin tagulla.

Ana ɗaukar makomar duniya da kasuwar tabo ta jan karfe a matsayin cikakkiyar kasuwa mai gasa, wanda a zahiri ya dace da ainihin zato na cikakkiyar kasuwa mai gasa a ka'idar tattalin arziki ta gargajiya.Kasuwar ta ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na masu siye da masu siyarwa, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan samfur, yawan albarkatun ƙasa, cikar bayanai da sauran halaye.A matakin da samar da tagulla ke da ƙarancin wadata kuma samarwa da sufuri sun fara tattara hankali, abubuwan da ke haifar da kawaici da neman hayar sun bayyana a kusa da hanyar haɗin kan sarkar masana'antar tagulla.A cikin Peru da Chile, manyan ƙasashe masu albarkatu na tagulla, ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago na gida da ƙungiyoyin al'umma za su sami ƙarin ƙwarin gwiwa don ƙarfafa matsayin su ta hanyar ayyukan hayar don neman riba mara riba.

Kamfanonin kera na'ura na iya kula da matsayin mai siyar da shi a cikin kasuwarsa, kuma sauran kamfanoni ba za su iya shiga kasuwar su yi gogayya da su ba.Samar da ma'adinan tagulla shima yana da wannan siffa.A fagen hakar ma'adinan tagulla, ba wai kawai ana nuna ikon mallaka ba a cikin tsayayyen farashi, wanda ke sa sabbin masu saka hannun jari su shiga;Hakanan yana nunawa a cikin gaskiyar cewa bincike, nazarin yiwuwar aiki, gina shuke-shuke da samar da ma'adinan tagulla zai ɗauki shekaru da yawa.Ko da an samu sabbin masu saka hannun jari, samar da ma’adinan tagulla ba zai yi tasiri ba cikin kankanin lokaci.Saboda dalilai na cyclical, ingantacciyar kasuwa mai fa'ida tana gabatar da sifofin mulkin mallaka na zamani, wanda ke da yanayin tsarin mulkin mallaka (kadan masu samar da kayayyaki sun fi dacewa) da ikon sarrafa albarkatun (mahimman albarkatun mallakar wasu kamfanoni da gwamnati ne).

Ka'idar tattalin arziki ta gargajiya ta gaya mana cewa mulkin mallaka ya fi kawo illoli biyu.Na farko, yana shafar gyaran al'ada na alakar wadata-buƙatu.Karkashin tasirin hayar hayar da mulkin mallaka, yawan abin da ake samarwa ya kan yi kasa fiye da abin da ake bukata don daidaiton wadata da bukatu, kuma alakar da ke tsakanin samarwa da bukatu ta dade tana dagulewa.Na biyu, yana haifar da rashin isasshen jari mai inganci.Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ko ƙungiyoyi na iya samun fa'ida ta hanyar neman hayar, wanda ke hana haɓaka haɓaka aiki da raunana sha'awar ƙara saka hannun jari da faɗaɗa ƙarfin samarwa.Babban bankin kasar Peru ya bayar da rahoton cewa, adadin jarin da ake zubawa na ma'adinai a kasar Peru ya ragu saboda tasirin zanga-zangar al'umma.A wannan shekara, adadin zuba jarin hakar ma'adinai a Peru ya ragu da kusan 1%, kuma ana sa ran zai ragu da 15% a cikin 2023. Halin da ake ciki a Chile yana kama da na Peru.Wasu kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai sun dakatar da saka hannun jarin hakar ma'adinai a kasar Chile.

Manufar neman hayar ita ce ƙarfafa ɗabi'ar ɗabi'a, tasiri farashi da riba daga gare ta.Saboda ƙarancin ingancinsa, babu makawa ya fuskanci matsalolin masu fafatawa.Daga hangen nesa na tsawon lokaci da gasar hakar ma'adinai na duniya, ana jawo farashin mafi girma fiye da ma'auni na samarwa da buƙata (a ƙarƙashin yanayin cikakkiyar gasa), wanda ke ba da ƙwaƙƙwarar farashin farashi ga sababbin masana'antun.Dangane da samar da tagulla, al'adar al'ada ita ce karuwar jari da samar da ma'adinan tagulla na kasar Sin.Daga mahangar dukan zagayowar, za a sami babban sauyi a yanayin samar da tagulla na duniya.

Ra'ayin farashi

Zanga-zangar da aka yi a al'ummomi a ƙasashen Kudancin Amirka kai tsaye sun haifar da raguwar samar da sinadarin tagulla a ma'adinan gida.A karshen watan Mayu, noman ma'adinan tagulla a ƙasashen Kudancin Amirka ya ragu da fiye da ton 250000.Saboda tasirin rashin isasshen zuba jari, matsakaici - da ƙarfin samarwa na dogon lokaci an hana shi daidai.

Kudin sarrafa tagulla shine bambancin farashi tsakanin ma'adinan tagulla da tagulla mai ladabi.Kudin sarrafa tagulla ya ragu daga mafi girman $83.6/t a ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa $75.3/t na kwanan nan.A cikin dogon lokaci, kuɗin sarrafa tagulla ya sake dawowa daga farashin ƙasa na tarihi a ranar 1 ga Mayun bara.Tare da ƙarin al'amuran da suka shafi fitowar ma'adinan tagulla, kuɗin sarrafa tagulla zai dawo zuwa matsayin $ 60 / ton ko ma ƙasa, yana matsi sararin fa'ida na smelter.Matsakaicin ƙarancin ƙarancin jan ƙarfe da tabo na jan karfe zai tsawaita lokacin da farashin jan ƙarfe ke cikin babban kewayon (farashin jan ƙarfe na Shanghai ya fi yuan 70000 / ton).

Sa ido kan yanayin farashin tagulla a nan gaba, ci gaban tattalin arzikin duniya da kuma ainihin yanayin hauhawar farashin kayayyaki har yanzu sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da farashin tagulla daga mataki zuwa mataki.Bayan bayanan hauhawar farashin kayayyaki na Amurka ya sake tashi sosai a cikin watan Yuni, kasuwan ya jira bayanin Fed game da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki.Halin ''hawkish'' na Tarayyar Tarayya na iya haifar da matsin lamba na lokaci-lokaci akan farashin tagulla, amma daidai da haka, saurin raguwar kadarorin Amurka kuma yana hana daidaita tsarin manufofin kuɗin Amurka.